Hair waving device



Dec. 2, 1958 E. J. HAWTHORNE HAIR WAVING DEVICE Filed Sept. 25, 1.957

INVENTOR.

VELYN Q. HPNTHORNE' HTTOQNEY HAIR WAVENG DEVICE Evelyn J. Hawthorne, Philadelphia,Pa. Application September 25, 1957, Serial No. 686,239 4 Claims. c1. 132-4 This invention relates generally to the art of hair curling and waving, and more particularly to improvements in apparatus and methods for permanently waving human hair.

The art of permanent waving of human hair is accomplished by winding the hair upon an appropriate mandrel, treating it with an appropriate solution which serves to soften it under heat, and then heating the hair while wound upon the mandrel for the proper length of time and to the proper temperature. A common type of permanent wave is known as the croquignole form.

In preparing a head of hair for a croquignole type waving operation, protectors are clamped upon flattened tresses near the scalp. Then the ends of these flattened tresses are clamped upon mandrels and the tresses wound upon the mandrels to form rolls thereof. Finally, the mandrels, with the tresses rolled thereupon in the manner aforesaid," are mounted upon the protectors, their axes being parallel to the head.

This croquignole form of permanent hair waving has not proved'to be entirely satisfactory because the waves that are produced thereby are comparatively short, in consequence of which the finished head of hair looks rather kinky. In addition, the waves extend outwardly from the head, in consequence of which the hair takes on the appearance of increased bulk, which is not always desirable. Furthermore, the full length of the hair must be waved, which is not always necessary or desirable. Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved hair curling and waving device having a mandrel adapted for being seated upon the head, close to the scalp, and for extending outwardly therefrom to mount both internal and external heating units.

Another principal object of the present invention is to provide such a device adapted for croquignole Waving of hair grown between permanent wave treatments, without retreating hair already waved.

Still another important object of the present invention is to provide a method of croquignole waving that imparts to a head of hair longer and more graceful waves that extend parallel to the head, and which makes it'unnecessary to retreat hair already waved.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear more fully hereinafter, it being understood that the invention consists substantially in the combination, construction, location and relative arrangement of parts, and in the method, all as described in detail hereinafter and as shown in the accompanying drawings and as finally pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary form of the device of the present invention, a number of the devices being shown applied to a head of hair.

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the exemplary device constructed in accordance with and embodying the principles of the present invention, the mandrel being shown in section, the external heater in side elevation, and the 2 internal heater partially in elevation and partially in section.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a mandrel showing a tress of hair wound thereon, as when it is desired to wave only part of the tress.

Figure 4 is a perspective tress of hair wound thereon, the full length thereof.

Figure 5 is a top view of the 55 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a top view of the external heaters, cated by line 6-6 of Figure 2.

Figure 7 is a top view of the internal heater, as indicated by line 7-7 of Figure 2.

The exemplary device constructed in accordance with and embodying the principles of the present invention comprises a sheet metal mandrel, preferably made of aluminum, that has a cylindrical main body A which is longitudinally split, as at 10. About the base end of the mandrel extends an annular flange 11 that is suitably secured to the latter, as by a plurality of prongs 12.

Within the main body A of the mandrel is an internal heating unit that has a main body of insulating material B, which is wrapped with a suitable material 13. Fixed Within the upper end portion of the main body B is a spider that has a plurality of arms 14, which extend radially from a hollow neck 15. Electric wires 16 extend through the neck 15 and into the interior of the main body B for suitable connection with a heating element 17 that is embedded within the latter.

The external heating means C comprises a pair of arcuate' heating units. 18-18 that are respectively provided with handles 19-19. The latter are pivotally connected together, as at 20, and associated with the pivot 20 is a coil spring 21 that is arranged for urging the units 18-18 in opposite directions upon the sides of a wound tress of hair.

As shown, the inner arcuate wall 22 of each unit 18 is an integral extension of the handle 19, made of suitable material such as aluminum or aluminum alloy. The outer face of each unit 18 is formed of a piece of sheet metal 23 that is likewise bent to arcuate form and which is peripherally flanged and boltedto the arcuate wall 22, as at 24-44, to thereby form a closed casing. Electric wires 25-25 extend respectively into the interior of the casings thus formed for suitable connection with heating elements (not shown), which heating elements are connected in series by an electric wire 26.

In the use of the device, the mandrel A is seated upon the head with the base flange 11 thereof close to the scalp D. The tress E to be treated is then flattened and wrapped thereabout, with each wrap directly over the preceding one to make a compact roll thereof. The part of the tress nearest the scalp is wound upon the mandrel first, and the outer end of the tress is wrapped upon the mandrel last. The rolled up tress is now treated with an appropriate solution and wrapped with a suitable pad or fabric F. Finally, the external heating unit C is ap plied. This is effected by first pressing together the handles 19-19, whereupon the arcuate heating units 18-48 pivot about the pin 21 and open against the influence of the coil spring 21. Then the units 18-18 are fitted about the rolled up tress with the opposed free end portions thereof positioned respectively on opposite sides of the portion of the tress next to the scalp. Upon release of the handles 19-19, the units 1818 pivot about the pin 20 under the influence of the spring 21 and clampingly embrace the rolled up tress. Now heat is applied for the proper length of time and to the proper temperature, and finally the units 18-48 are removed and the rolled up tress is unwound from the mandrel. This is the procedure for waving the full length of the tress, which, of

view of a mandrel showing a as when it is desired to wave device as indicated by line as indi- Patented Dec. 2, 1958 course, is not always necessary or desirable. For example, when it is desired to treat only hair grown since the last treatment, leaving some or all of the hair already waved.- Inthis event, the procedure outlined hereinabove is followed, except that the old growth of hair G already waved'isnotwrapped about the mandrel. It is brought outbetweenthe opposedfree end portions of theheating units 18-18 so that it is not subject to-t'ne heat generated by the internal heating unit'B or to the heatgenerated by the external'heatingunit C.

With the device and by the method of the present invention, a head of hair isprovided with long, graceful croquignole type Waves that extend parallel to the head instead of''- outwardly therefrom, in'- consequence of which the appearance of the hair is enhanced.

It will be un'd er'stoo'd; ofcourse, that the present invention is susceptible of various changes'and-modifications which may be made from timeto'time without departing fromzthereal spirit or general principles thereof, and-it is accordingly intended to claim the same'broadly',-as well as'specifically, as indicated by the appended claims.

What is'claimed as new and useful is:

1. In a hair waving methodcomprising placing an'elongated mandrelupon the head with one end thereof seated thereagainst and the opposite end extending outwardly therefrom, wrappinga'fiattened tress about said mandrel commencing with the portion of said tress nearest the scalp and continuing to a point'intermedi'ate the-opposite ends of said tress, whereby to formacompact roll from which the outer end portion of said tress extends freely outwardly, and applying heatto said rollfor a'len'gth of time and to a temperature depending upon the characteristics of the hair.

2. In a hair waving method, ch'aracterizedby the use of split electric-heating means adapted-for embracing anelongated mandrel, comprising placing said mandrel upon the head with one end thereof seated thereagainst and the opposite end extending outwardly therefrom, wrapping a flattened tress about-said mandrel commencing with the portion of said tress nearest the scalp and continuing-to a point intermediate the opposite ends of saidtress,-whereby to form a compact roll-from which the 'outerendportion of said tress extends freely outwardly from said'mandrel in a direction opposite to thatfromwhich the tress initially approaches said mandrel, placing said split elec tric heating means in embracing relationto said roll, with the root portion and a free intermediate portion of said tress extending freely through said split, and applying heat to said roll for a length of time and to a temperature depending upon the characteristics of the hair.

3. In a hair waving method, characterized by the use of split electric heating means adapted for embracing an elongated mandrel provided internally with an electric heating unit, comprising placing said mandrel upon the head with one end thereof seated thereagainst and the opposite end extending outwardly therefrom, wrapping a flattened tress about said mandrel commencing with the portion of said tress nearest the scalp and continuing to a point intermediate'the opposite ends of said tress, whereby to Emma compact'roll from which the outer end portion of said tress extends freely outwardly from said mandrel in a direction opposite to that from which the tress initially approaches said mandrel, placing said split electric heating means in embracing relation to said roll, with the root portion and a free intermediate portion of said tress extending freely through" said split, and energizing said split-electric heating means for heating the outside of said rollg-and said electric heatin'gunit for heating said mandrel and thereby the inside of said roll.

4. In a hair wavingmethod, characterized by the use of a pair of electric heating units adapted for conjointly embracing an elongated mandrel provided internally with an'electric heating unit, comprising placing said mandrel upon the head with one end thereof seated thereagainst and the opposite end extending outwardly therefrom, Wrapping a flattened tress about said mandrel'commencing with the portion of said tress nearest the scalp'andcontinuing to a point intermediate theopposite ends of said tress,-\vhe'r'eby to form a-compact roll from which the outer end'portion of said tress extends freely outwardly from saidmandrel in a direction opposite to that from which the tress initially approaches said mandrel, placingsaid pair of electricheating units in embracing relation to said roll, with the root portion and a free inter mediate portion of said tress extending freely between opposed end portions-thereof, and energizing all of said electric heating units for simultaneously heating both the outside and insideof said roll for a length of time and to a temperature depending upon the characteristics of the hair.

References'Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,686,575 Reynolds Oct. 9-, 1928' 1,771,584 Shelton July 29, 1930 

